Multiple Sclerosis

MOG Antibody Associated Disease

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Antibody Associated Disease

What Is MOGAD? Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Contact Us

What is Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG)-Antibody Associated Disease?

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a glycoprotein believed to be important in the myelination of nerves in the central nervous system. MOGAD is very common in pediatrics but does occur in adults. Neurologists once believed that MOG antibodies were involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) but now describe these MOG antibody disorders as distinct conditions. However, both MS and MOG are classified as neuroinflammatoy disorders.

Unlike other neuroinflammatory disorders, MOG disorders affect men and women almost equally and are more prevalent in children than adults.

MOG disorders tend to be less aggressive than other neuroinflammatory disorders, including neuromyelitis optica (NMO). You may only experience one MOG episode (monophasic), or they may be recurring (relapsing). These relapses can have long-term effects on the central nervous system (CNS), including gait and vision challenges.

Symptoms

One way MOG can manifest is called acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). This condition can cause seizures, as well as symptoms that are typical of encephalitis:

Headache
Behavioral changes and confusion
Changes in alertness or consciousness
Focal neurologic symptoms such as visual changes, numbness and weakness

ADEM is much more common in children than adults and typically affects children under 10. In many cases, ADEM occurs just one time (monophasic), but it can occur more than once.

Diagnosis of MOG Antibody Associated Disorder

Correctly diagnosing a MOG antibody disorder is critical. MOG disorders are diagnosed with a blood test that screens for the antibodies along with assessment of clinical symptoms and MRI features. Lumbar puncture is also required at times to assist in the diagnosis.

MOG Antibody Associated Disorder Treatment

Treatment often involves medications that alter the immune system to prevent further relapses. Not all patients require ongoing treatment, as many will only have one episode.